ARECHES AND VAULTS
Arches are curved structures used to bridge spans and to support the weight of upper parts of buildings, such as domes, as in St. Paul's Cathedral and the antique temple.
The Voussoirs that form an arch support each other and convert downwards force of the weight of the building into an outward force.
This Outward force is in turn transferred to buttresses, piers, main types of Vault.
A barrel vault is a single vault, semicircular in cross- section; a groin vault consists of two barrel vaults intersecting at right-angles; a rib vault is a groin vault reinforced by ribs; and a fan vault is a rib vault in which the ribs radiate from the springing point( where the arch begins ) like a fan.
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